Bulk parameters
- Parameter ** Venus Value ** Earth Value ** Ratio (Venus/Earth)
- Mass (1024 kg) ** 4.8685 ** 5.9736 ** 0.815
- Volume (1010 km3) ** 92.843 ** 108.321 ** 0.857
- Equatorial radius (km) ** 6051.8 ** 6378.1 ** 0.949
- Polar radius (km) ** 6051.8 ** 6356.8 ** 0.952
- Volumetric mean radius (km) ** 6051.8 ** 6371.0 ** 0.950
- Ellipticity (Flattening) ** 0.000 ** 0.00335 ** 0.0
- Mean density (kg/m3) ** 5243 ** 5515 ** 0.951
- Surface gravity (eq.) (m/s2) ** 8.87 ** 9.80 ** 0.905
- Surface acceleration (eq.) (m/s2) ** 8.87 ** 9.78 ** 0.907
- Escape velocity (km/s) ** 10.36 ** 11.19 ** 0.926
- GM (x 106 km3/s2) ** 0.3249 ** 0.3986 ** 0.815
- Bond albedo ** 0.750 ** 0.306 ** 2.45
- Visual geometric albedo ** 0.65 ** 0.367 ** 1.77
- Visual magnitude V(1,0) ** -4.40 ** -3.86 ** -
- Solar irradiance (W/m2) ** 2613.9 ** 1367.6 ** 1.911
- Black-body temperature (K) ** 231.7 ** 254.3 ** 0.911
- Topographic range (km) ** 15 ** 20 ** 0.750
- Moment of inertia (I/MR2) ** 0.33 ** 0.3308 ** 0.998
- J2 (x 10-6) ** 4.458 ** 1082.63 ** 0.004
- Number of natural satellites ** 0 ** 1 ** 0
- Planetary ring system ** No ** No ** Same
Orbital parameters
- Parameter ** Venus Value ** Earth Value ** Ratio (Venus/Earth)
- Semimajor axis (106 km) ** 108.21 ** 149.60 ** 0.723
- Sidereal orbit period (days) ** 224.701 ** 365.256 ** 0.615
- Tropical orbit period (days) ** 224.695 ** 365.242 ** 0.615
- Perihelion (106 km) ** 107.48 ** 147.09 ** 0.731
- Aphelion (106 km) ** 108.94 ** 152.10 ** 0.716
- Synodic period (days) ** 583.92 ** - ** -
- Mean orbital velocity (km/s) ** 35.02 ** 29.78 ** 1.176
- Max. orbital velocity (km/s) ** 35.26 ** 30.29 ** 1.164
- Min. orbital velocity (km/s) ** 34.79 ** 29.29 ** 1.188
- Orbit inclination (deg) ** 3.39 ** 0.00 ** -
- Orbit eccentricity ** 0.0067 ** 0.0167 ** 0.401
- Sidereal rotation period (hrs) ** -5832.5 ** 23.9345 ** 243.686
- Length of day (hrs) ** 2802.0 ** 24.0000 ** 116.750
- Obliquity to orbit (deg) ** 177.36 ** 23.45 ** (0.113)
Venus Observational Parameters
-
Discoverer: Unknown
Discovery Date: Prehistoric
-
Minimum (106 km) 38.2
Maximum (106 km) 261.0
-
Maximum (seconds of arc) 66.0
Minimum (seconds of arc) 9.7
Maximum visual magnitude -4.6
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Distance from Earth (106 km) 41.44
Apparent diameter (seconds of arc) 60.2
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Semimajor axis (AU) 0.72333199
Orbital eccentricity 0.00677323
Orbital inclination (deg) 3.39471
Longitude of ascending node (deg) 76.68069
Longitude of perihelion (deg) 131.53298
Mean Longitude (deg) 181.97973
North Pole of Rotation
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Right Ascension: 272.76
Declination : 67.16
Reference Date : 12:00 UT 1 Jan 2000 (JD 2451545.0)
Venus Atmosphere
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Surface pressure: 92 bars
Surface density: ~65. kg/m3
Scale height: 15.9 km
Total mass of atmosphere: ~4.8 x 1020 kg
Average temperature: 737 K (464 C)
Diurnal temperature range: ~0
Wind speeds: 0.3 to 1.0 m/s (surface)
Mean molecular weight: 43.45 g/mole
Atmospheric composition (near surface, by volume):
-
Major: 96.5% Carbon Dioxide (CO2), 3.5% Nitrogen (N2)
Minor (ppm): Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) - 150; Argon (Ar) - 70; Water (H2O) - 20; Carbon Monoxide (CO) - 17; Helium (He) - 12; Neon (Ne) - 7
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