The Surveyor spacecraft was designed to attain the engineering objectives of the Surveyor program, which included the first lunar soft landing. No instrumentation was carried specifically for scientific experiments, but considerable scientific information was obtained. The spacecraft carried two television cameras -- one for approach, which was not used, and one for operations on the lunar surface. Over 100 engineering sensors were on board the Surveyor 1 craft.
The television system transmitted pictures of the Surveyor 1 spacecraft footpad and surrounding lunar terrain and surface materials. The Surveyor 1 spacecraft also acquired data on the radar reflectivity of the lunar surface, bearing strength of the lunar surface, and spacecraft temperatures for use in the analysis of the lunar surface temperatures.
The Surveyor 1 spacecraft was launched May 30, 1966, directly into a lunar impact trajectory. Engines were turned off at a height of 3.4 m above the lunar surface. The Surveyor 1 spacecraft fell freely from this height, landing on the lunar surface on June 2, 1966, in Oceanus Procellarum -- 2.45 deg s latitude, 43.22 deg w longitude (selenographic coordinates). The Surveyor 1 spacecraft transmitted data from shortly after touchdown until July 14, 1966, with an interval of no operation during lunar night (June 14 to July 7, 1966). Engineering interrogations continued until January 7, 1967.