Pioneer Missions
The early Pioneer missions marked America's first efforts to break the grip of Earth's gravity and make it to the Moon. After the lunar missions, spacecraft bearing the Pioneer name went on to explore the solar system.
Pioneer Missions - Pioneer Spacecraft Explorations of the Sun, Jupiter, Saturn and Venus
The Pioneer series of spacecraft performed explorations of the Sun, Jupiter, Saturn & Venus. Pioneer 0, 1, & 2 were the United States' 1st lunar attempts. Following the unsuccessful USAF/NASA Pioneer 0, 1, & 2 lunar missions, the U.S. Army and NASA launched Pioneer 3 & 4. Pioneer 5 was designed to provide the 1st map of the interplanetary magnetic field.
The Pioneer series of spacecraft performed explorations of the Sun, Jupiter, Saturn & Venus. Pioneer 0, 1, & 2 were the United States' 1st lunar attempts. Following the unsuccessful USAF/NASA Pioneer 0, 1, & 2 lunar missions, the U.S. Army and NASA launched Pioneer 3 & 4. Pioneer 5 was designed to provide the 1st map of the interplanetary magnetic field.
Pioneer Venus Missions - Pioneer 12 and Pioneer 13
The Orbiter was launched on 20 May 1978 on an Atlas-Centaur launch vehicle. On 8 August 1978, slightly less than three months after the Orbiter left Earth, the Multiprobe spacecraft was launched from the Kennedy Space Center on an Atlas-Centaur launch vehicle.
The Orbiter was launched on 20 May 1978 on an Atlas-Centaur launch vehicle. On 8 August 1978, slightly less than three months after the Orbiter left Earth, the Multiprobe spacecraft was launched from the Kennedy Space Center on an Atlas-Centaur launch vehicle.